UC-NRLF 


*,• 


m 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

PRESENTED  BY 

PROF.  CHARLES  A.  KOFOID  AND 
MRS.  PRUDENCE  W.  KOFOID 


s 

With  Compliments, 
From, 


GEORGE  W.  TRYON  Jr. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  NOTICE 


OF 


GEORGE  W.  TRYON  JR. 

CONSERVATOR  OF  THE  CONCHOLOGICAL  SECTION  OF  THE  ACADEMY 
OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 


BY 


W.  S.  W.  RUSCHENBERGER,  M,  D. 


[FROM  THE  PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ACADEMY,  Nov.  27,  1888.] 


HORACE   BINDER,  Printer, 
1888. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  NOTICE  OF  GEORGE  W.  TRYON,  Jr. 
BY    W.   S.    W.    RUSCHENBERGER,    M.    D. 

"  for,  go  at  night  or  noon, 

A  friend,  whene'er  he  dies,  has  died  too  soon, 
And,  once  we  hear  the  hopeless  He  is  dead, 
So  far  as  flesh  hath  knowledge,  all  is  said." 

James  Russell  Lowell — Agassiz. 

The  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  requested  me, 
February  7th,  1888,  to  prepare  a  biographical  notice  of  the  late 
George  W.  Tryon,  Jr.  for  publication  in  its  Proceedings.  He  died 
February  5.  The  suddenness  of  the  event  shocked  all  his  personal 
and  many  of  his  merely  scientific  friends,  far  and  near.  One  (Mr. 
C.  E.  Beddome),  who  is  in  every  sense  qualified  to  justly  appraise 
his  worth,  said  to  me  in  a  note,  dated  Tasmania,  April  4,  not  very 
long  since  received, — "  I  have  respected  him  as  one  of  the  grandest 
conchologists  of  the  day.  I  feel  that  I  have  lost  my  most  valued 
correspondent ;  but  what  must  be  the  loss  of  your  academy  and  the 
conchological  world.  His  great  work  '  Manual  of  Conchology,'  not 
yet  finished,  will  be  the  grandest  monument  that  could  be  erected  to 
his  memory." 

Eminence,  fairly  acquired  by  a  toiler  on  any  path  of  learning  or 
scientific  research,  wins  admiration,  especially  from  those  moving 
forward  on  the  same  quest,  whether  in  his  neighborhood  or  in  places 
widely  remote ;  and  after  he  dies,  they  become  more  or  less  curious 
about  his  origin  and  career.  Some  are  pleased  to  seek  causes  of  his 
success  in  the  circumstances  of  his  life,  assuming  that  social  environ- 
ment sways  the  formation  of  character,  just  as  physical  conditions 
surrounding  certain  organisms  are  supposed  to  influence  their  de- 
velopment. Students  of  this  class  ask  where  the  eminent  man  was 
born  and  raised  and  trained,  as  well  as  what  notable  features  char^ 
acterized  the  locality  where  he  grew  to  be  distinguished  among  his 
associates.  Those  of  another  sort,  who  confide  almost  entirely  in 
the  doctrines  of  heredity,  are  disposed  to  ascribe  the  notable  qualities 
of  a  contemporary  to  his  parents  and  their  ancestors,  thus  failing  to 
recognize  in  him  any  merit  wholly  and  clearly  his  own.  They  seem 
to  forget  that  uncommon  intellectual  force,  mental  capability  is  not 
always  traceable  to  heredity  or  to  environment  in  any  considerable 


M351.8S2 


extent.  All  the  great  heroes  of  science  and  literature  did  not  have 
scientific  ancestors  or  scientific  environment.  The  genius  of  neither 
Franklin  nor  Shakespeare  was  an  inheritance. 

George  Washington  Tryon  Jr.  the  eldest  son  of  Edward  K.  Tryon 
and  his  wife,  nee  Adeline  Savitd,  was  born  May  20,  1838,  on  Green 
street  between  Front  and  Newmarket  streets,  then  in  the  district  of 
the  Northern  Liberties.  The  place  of  his  birth  is  about  twelve  or 
fifteen  hundred  yards,  to  the  northward  and  eastward  of  the  State 
House  of  Philadelphia, — Independence  Hall.  The  locality  was 
never  a  fashionable  quarter  of  the  city.  It  abounds  in  alleys  and 
courts  of  small  tenements,  having  small  windows  glazed  with  eight 
by  ten  inch  panes,  and  roofs  of  cedar  shingles,  as  may  be  seen  to-day. 
A  substantial,  industrious  people,  most  of  them  engaged  in  mechan- 
ical pursuits,  inhabited  the  neighborhood,  the  alleys  and  streets  of 
which  were  the  play-grounds  of  their  many  children.  It  is  now  as 
it  was  fifty  years  ago,  only  the  signs  of  age  in  some  spots: are  prob- 
ably more  apparent. 

George  Washington  Tryon,  a  gunsmith,  had  trained  his  son, 
Edward  K.  Tryon  in  the  manufacture  and  trade  in  fire-arms  and 
sportmen's  accoutrements,  a  business  which  he  had  established  and 
conducted  successfully  during  a  quarter  of  a  century  or  more.  He 
retired  in  1837,  leaving  his  son  in  possession  of  the  establishment. 

George  W.  Tryon  Jr.  at  an  early  age  manifested  a  retiring,  cheer- 
ful and  considerate  disposition.  His  interest  in  the  sports  and 
games  of  boys  was  not  sufficient  to  divert  him  from  books.  When 
about  seven  years  old  he  began  to  collect  specimens  of  natural  his- 
tory. The  taste  was  encouraged  by  giving  him  a  room  at  home  in 
which  to  display  them  to  members  of  a  society  of  infant  naturalists 
which  he  formed.  From  the  start,  shells  received  most  of  his  atten- 
tion. 

The  observant  and  reflective  character  of  the  child's  mind  is 
notable.  He  early  discovered  that  a  nomenclature  was  necessary  to 
satisfactorily  arrange  even  a  small  collection  of  specimens.  He  in- 
vented one.  He  named  shells  according  to  their  shapes  or  colors,  as 
the  round  shell,  the  white  shell ;  one  of  such  irregular  form  as  puz- 
zled him  to  designate  he  called  the  funny  shell.  The  habit  of  gath- 
ering specimens  of  natnral  history  begun  without  method  in  infancy, 
and  more  and  more  systematized  as  his  experience  and  observation 
matured,  was  life-long.  His  first  and  predominant  love  for  shells 
increased  with  his  years  and  made  him  an  industrious  votary  of 
conchology. 


He  was  taught  the  rudiments  of  learning  at  home.  After  he  had 
passed  through  one  or  two  private  schools  for  children,  it  was  deter- 
mined that  he  should  receive  academic  instruction  in  the  Friends' 
Central  School,  because  it  was  regarded  to  be  the  best  available.  It 
was  then  in  Race  between  Fourth  and  Fifth  streets,  and  now  is  at 
the  S.  W.  corner  of  Race  and  Fifteenth  streets. 

He  became  a  pupil  of  the  institution  in  October  1850,  and  con- 
tinued till  his  school  days  ended,  June  1853.  During  the  almost 
three  years  here  his  attention  was  given  only  to  English  studies 
and  drawing.  The  transfer  of  the  family  residence,  in  1852,  to 
Pittville,  one  of  the  purlieus  of  Germantown,  five  or  six  miles 
from  the  business  centre  of  Philadelphia,  did  not  interrupt  his  regu- 
lar attendance  at  school,  nor  hinder  the  growth  of  his  museum. 
The  family  returned  to,  and  was  permanently  established  in  the  city, 
in  1869. 

Very  soon  after  leaving  the  Friends'  Central  School  he  employed 
tutors  in  the  city  and  studied  French,  German,  and  Music  until  he 
had  acquired  knowledge  enough,  to  write  and  speak  the  languages 
sufficiently  well  for  practical  purposes,  and  to  understand  the  princi- 
ples of  musical  composition.  About  this  time  with  some  of  his 
young  friends  he  formed  a  musical  society  or  club.  Their  perform- 
ances enlivened  the  evenings  at  their  country  homes. 

His  interest  in  books  created  in  him  a  desire  to  be  an  author. 
His  first  effort  in  this  direction  was  a  history  of  the  United  States 
finished  when  he  was  twelve  years  old,  but  not  printed.  A  few 
years  later  he  announced  that  literary  and  scientific  work  would  be 
his  permanent  occupation.  But,  at  the  earnest  request  of  his  parents, 
he  relinquished  the  project,  for  a  time,  and  engaged  in  mercantile 
work  in  his  father's  establishment.  At  the  age  of  nineteen,  1857, 
he  was  given  a  share  in  the  business,  and  on  the  retirement  of  his 
father  in  1864,  he  became  the  principal  of  the  firm,  and  so  contin- 
ued till  1868,  when  he  retired  with  a  modest  income,  sufficient  in 
his  estimation  to  justify  indulgence  in  unrestrained  pursuit  of  science 
and  letters. 

He  found  relaxation  from  business  cares  in  music.  Though  not  a 
notably  skilful  player  on  any  instrument,  he  was  acquainted  with 
the  science  of  music. 

He  wrote  a  comic  opera  in  three  acts,  entitled,  Amy  Cassonet  or 
the  Elopement,  which  was  acted  at  the  Amateur  Drawing  Room, 
and  published  ;  but  it  was  in  no  sense  successful.  The  copyright  is 
dated,  1875. 


He  sought  to  spread  a  love  of  music  among  the  people  and  to 
elevate  their  taste.  With  this  in  view  he  joined  in  the  management 
of  the  Germania  Orchestra  for  a  season.  It  was  a  failure.  His 
partner  disappeared,  and  Mr.  Tryon  had  to  supply  pecuniary  defi- 
ciencies. 

In  connection  with  a  musical-publication  firm — Lee  and  Walker, — 
he  edited  and  published,  prior  to  1873,  librettos  of  fifty-two  stand- 
ard and  popular  operas.  During  1874  and  1875,  he  revised  and 
edited  the  sheet-music  publications  of  Lee  and  Walker,  and  in  the 
same  years  edited  The  Amateur  ;  a  monthly  magazine  of  music  and 
literature.  He  also  arranged  a  series  of  operatic  songs  which  were 
published,  in  1875,  under  the  title  of  Operatic  Gems.  In  1884,  he 
published  "  Sacred  Songs  for  Choir  and  Home  Circles,  a  Collection 
of  Solos,  Concerted  Pieces,  Hymns,  etc.,"  the  music  of  which  consist- 
ed largely  of  selections  from  the  scores  of  the  more  popular  operas. 

Mr.  Tryon  was  a  warm  admirer  of  the  fine  arts,  and  occasionally 
amused  himself  with  painting. 

Music  and  the  fine  arts  were  secondary  occupations ;  they  never 
diverted  him  from  the  pursuit  of  natural  history. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia,  June  1859.  From  that  time  till  the  end  of  his  life  no 
one  did  more  to  promote  the  interests  of  the  institution.  His  ser- 
vices were  many  arid  important.  The  society  is  largely  indebted  to 
Mr.  Tryon  for  the  edifice  which  it  now  occupies.  On  his  motion, 
November  14th,  1865,  a  committee  was  formed  "  to  devise  methods 
for  advancing  the  prosperity  and  efficiency  of  the  academy,  by  the 
erection  of  a  building  "  etc.  He  was  appointed  chairman  of  the 
committee.  The  measures  recommended  by  it  were  adopted.  The 
election  of  a  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Building  Fund  followed,  Jan. 
11,  1867.  Mr.  Tryon  was  appointed  Secretary  and  held  the  office 
till  he  died,  twenty-one  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  building 
committee.  No  one  labored  more  assiduously  in  every  way  to  pro- 
mote the  completion  of  the  enterprise  which  he  had  started.  He 
gave  $3000  to  the  building  fund  ;  and  his  generosity  enabled  the 
Conchological  Section  of  the  Academy  to  give  to  it  as  much  more. 

Mr.  Tryon  was  elected  a  Curator  of  the  academy,  January,  1869, 
and  resigned  July,  1876.  Under  his  direction  and  personal  attention 
the  numerous  collections  of  the  museum  were  safely  transferred,  in 
January  1876,  from  the  old,  and  arranged  in  the  new  building.  This 
arduous  task  was  admirably  performed. 


At  his  instigation  the  Conchological  Section  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  was  founded,  December  26,  1866.  He  was  a  con- 
stituent member,  and  its  Conservator  from  December,  1875,  thir- 
teen years.  His  skill  in  conchology  is  manifest  in  the  admirable 
arrangement  and  classification;  and  his  incessant  carefulness,  in  the 
excellent  condition  of  the  collections  which  were  under  his  official 
charge.  According  to  the  annual  report  of  the  Section,  December 
1887,  they  consisted  of  189,150  specimens,  contained  in  51.327  trays 
each  with  an  appropriate  label.  This  enormous  collection,  and  an  al" 
most  complete  conchological  library  of  954  volumes,  besides  455 
pamphlets,  bound  in  26  volumes,  all  accessible  under  one  roof,  render 
the  facilities  of  study  of  the  subject  in  the  academy  unsurpassed. 

April  9, 1867,  he  made  a  special  deposit  of  more  than  ten  thousand 
species  of  shells  and  more  than  a  hundred  jars  of  specimens,  chiefly 
of  naked  mollusks,  in  alcohol,  gathered  during  his  life-long  devotion 
to  the  subject,  on  condition  that  none  should  be  loaned.  They  were 
appropriately  intercalated  with  the  academy's  collection.  The  dupli- 
cates were  sold,  by  his  direction,  and  the  proceeds  of  sales  covered 
into  the  treasury  of  the  Conchological  Section.  It  is  notable  that 
he  did  not  stipulate  that  this  very  large  contribution — the  largest 
private  collection  in  this  country — should  be  kept  separate  from  the 
rest  of  the  museum  and  designated  by  his  name,  which  is  a 
usual  condition  attached  to  donations  of  private  natural-history 
cabinets  to  public  museums.  It  was  his  opinion  that  it  is  unwise  to 
accept  cabinets  on  such  terms,  because  it  must  result  sooner  or  later, 
in  encumbering  the  museum  with  the  care  of  numberless  and  useless 
duplicates,  for  which  space  cannot  be  easily  afforded. 

The  records  show  that  Mr.  Tryon  contributed  valuable  specimens 
to  the  museum  every  year  during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

He  gave,  May  7,  1867, 119  volumes  and  56  pamphlets  on  conchol- 
ogy to  the  library. 

The  first  number  of  the  American  Journal  of  Conchology,  of 
which  Mr.  Tryon  was  the  editor  and  proprietor,  was  issued,  Febru- 
ary 1865.  Seven  volumes  were  published,  the  last  number  in  May, 
1872.  After  the  institution  of  the  Conchological  Section  of  the 
Academy  it  was  issued,  nominally,  by  the  publication  committee  of 
the  Section,  of  which  Mr.  Tryon  was  chairman,  but  he  was  still  the 
editor.  The  third  and  subsequent  volumes  contain  summaries  of 
the  proceedings  of  the  Section  at  its  stated  meetings. 


8 

To  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  and  to 
the  American  Journal  of  Conchology  Mr.  Try  on  contributed  sixty- 
four  papers,  between  1861  and  1873,  inclusive,  a  list  of  which  is  ap- 
pended. 

In  conjunction  with  Mr.  Wm.  G.  Binney,in  1864, Mr.  Tryon  edited 
the  complete  writings  of  C.  S.  Rafinesque  on  recent  and  fossil  conch- 
ology.  In  1866,  he  published  A  Monograph  on  the  terrestrial  mol- 
lusca  of  the  United  States ;  in  1870,  A  Monograph  of  the  Fresh- 
water univalve  mollusca  of  the  United  States ;  in  1873,  American 
Marine  Conchology,  and  A  Monograph  on  the  Streptomatida3( Amer- 
ican Melanians)  of  North  America.  This  work  was  prepared  at  the 
instance  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  published  in  its  Miscel- 
laneous Collections,  in  December.  It  was  a  result  of  several  years' 
study.  The  manuscript  was  completed  in  1865,  and  laid  aside.  At 
the  end  of  seven  or  eight  years,  he  again  took  up  the  subject,  which 
he  regarded  as  "  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  difficult  branches  of 
American  Conchology,"  and  found  himself  "inclined  to  question 
many  of  the  conclusions"  which  he  had  reached.  In  the  preface  of 
the  work  he  says : — "  A  more  enlarged  acquaintance  with  fresh- 
water shells  convinces  me  that  a  much  greater  reduction  of  the 
number  of  species  than  I  have  attempted  must  eventually  be  made; 
but  until  the  prolific  waters  of  the  Southern  States  have  been  sys- 
tematically explored,  and  a  great  collection  of  specimens  obtained, 
which  shall  represent  every  portion  of  those  streams  and  include  as 
many  transitional  forms  as  can  be  procured,  a  definite  monograph 
of  our  Melanians  cannot  be  written." 

More  conclusive  evidence  of  Mr.  Tryon's  habitual  devotion 
to  accuracy  in  all  his  work  than  is  contained  in  the  history  of  the 
preparation  of  this  monograph  is  not  required. 

Mr.  Tryon,  for  the  sake  of  relaxation,  left  Philadelphia,  May 
1874,  and  returned  September  19.  During  an  absence  of  four 
months,  he  visited  England,  Holland,  Belgium,  Germany,  France, 
Switzerland,  Italy. 

In  a  series  of  letters  he  wrote  good-humored,  cheerful  sketches  of 
his  impressions  of  people  and  places  at  which  he  halted  on  his  way. 
They  were  published  in  the  Amateur;  a  monthly  magazine  of  Music 
and  Literature. 

He  visited  England  and  the  continent  of  Europe  again  in  1877. 
His  route  included  Liverpool,  London,  Paris,  Marseilles,  and  thence 
along  the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean  to  Nice,  San  Reino,  Genoa, 


9 

Pisa,  Rome,  Xaples,  Sorrento :  returning  through  Venice,  Florence, 
Turin,  Geneva,  Chamouni,  Berne,  Mayence ;  the  Rhine,  Cologne,. 
Brussels,  Antwerp  and  back  to  London,  Liverpool  and  home,  in  the 
autumn. 

Now,  naturally  imbued  with  the  love  of  truth  exclusively  for  the 
truth's  sake ;  possessed  of  the  true  methods  of  scientific  inquiry,  and 
equipped  with  the  results  of  his  life-long  home  studies  of  the  mol- 
lusca,  as  well  as  of  his  observations  in  the  European  museums  and 
cabinets,  Mr.  Tryon  devised  the  plan  of  his  greatest  work — Manual 
of  Conchology — and  promptly  began  its  execution. 

The  plan  embraced  four  series  of  volumes.  The  first  series  of 
eleven  or  twelve  volumes  is  devoted  to  the  marine  univalves;  the 
second,  of  six  or  seven,  to  the  terrestrial  mollusca ;  the  third,  of  four 
or  five,  to  the  marine  bivalves,  and  the  fourth,  of  four  or  five  vol- 
umes, to  the  fluviatile  genera. 

The  Manual  of  Conchology,  completed  according  to  the  author's 
plan,  will  consist  of  from  twenty-one  to  twenty-nine  octavo  volumes, 
all  fully  illustrated. 

The  scope  of  this  great  work  is  described  in  the  "  advertisement " 
or  preface  of  the  first  number,  which  was  finished  and  ready  for  pub- 
lication in  the  last  week  of  December,  1878.  Mr.  Tryon  says,  the 
Manual  "  will  include,  in  systematic  order,  the  diagnoses  of  all  the 
genera  and  higher  divisions  of  the  mollusca,  both  recent  and  fossil, 
and  the  descriptions  and  figures  of  all  the  recent  species ;  together 
with  the  main  features  of  their  anatomy  and  physiology,  their  em- 
bryology and  development,  their  relations  to  man  and  other  animals, 
and  their  geological  and  geographical  distribution." 

The  numbers  of  the  first  series  were  issued  quarterly.  Volume 
IX  was  completed  December  1887.  The  nine  volumes  include  3125 
pages  of  text,  illustrated  by  680  plates  of  12.055  figures. 

The  first  number  of  the  second  series — terrestrial  mollusca — was 
distributed  January  1885,  and  thereafter  quarterly  to  the  close  of 
Vol.  Ill,  December  1887.  The  three  volumes  contain  942  pages  of 
text,  illustrated  by  187  plates  of  6,434  figures. 

Conscious  that  he  probably  might  not  live  to  complete  his  enter- 
prise, but  without  foreboding,  Mr.  Tryon  interested  Mr.  H.  A.  Pils- 
bry  in  it.  To  him  he  freely  imparted  his  purposes  and  views  in 
connection  with  it,  so  that  he  might  continue  the  publication,  should 
it  become  necessary.  Mr.  Pilsbry,  who  had  the  unreserved  confi- 
dence of  the  author,  has  succeeded  him  in  his  office  and  will  edit 


10 

the  work  according  to  the  plan.  It  will  be  published  by  the  Conch- 
ological  Section  of  the  Academy,  of  which  Mr.  Pilsbry  is  the  Con- 
servator. 

Mr.  Tryon  published  the  first  volume  of  Structural  and  System- 
atic Conchology,  in  1882  ;  the  second,  in  1883,  and  the  third  and 
last  volume,  in  1884.  The  three  volumes  contain  1195  octavo  pages 
of  text,  illustrated  by  140  plates  of  3,087  figures. 

During  the  last  ten  years  of  his  life,  Mr.  Tryon  wrote  5262  octavo 
pages  on  conchology,  illustrated  by  1007  plates  of  21,576  figures. 
To  the  labor  of  composition  the  business  cares  of  publication  were 
added  :  he  was  the  publisher  of  his  own  works. 

Until  his  admission  into  the  Friends'  Central  School,  October 
1850,  whatever  religious  impressions  he  may  have  imbibed  in  child- 
hood, if  any,  came  from  the  Sunday  School  and  the  example  and 
teaching  of  his  parents  who  were  Lutherans.  After  leaving  school, 
June  1853,  he  became  interested  in  the  Society  of  Friends  and  reg- 
ularly attended  its  meetings  during  several  years.  For  reasons,  no 
doubt  conclusive  and  satisfactory  to  himself,  he  left  the  meetings  of 
the  Friends,  and,  from  about  the  year  1876,  he  was  usually  present 
at  the  stated  services  of  the  First  Unitarian  Church  of  Philadelphia. 
When  it  was  proposed,  about  1883,  to  construct  a  new  building  for 
the  church  Mr.  Tryon  was  chosen  one  of  its  trustees.  The  work 
interested  him.  He  gave  very  generously  (81000)  in  aid  of  its  com- 
pletion. He  was  long  chairman  of  the  Society's  committee  on 
music,  and,  until  his  death,  was  prominent  among  those  who,  in 
various  ways,  actively  promoted  the  interests  of  the  church. 

He  was  not,  however,  rigidly  sectarian.  Knowing  that  there  is 
difference  on  every  question  that  interests  men,  his  natural  spirit  of 
tolerance  swayed  his  views  and'  conduct  relatively  to  those  holding 
opinions  opposite  to  his  own. 

He  printed  for  private  circulation,  a  pamphlet  entitled,  Church 
and  Stage,  with  the  motto,  Fiat  justitia,  mat  ccelum.  It  contains 
twelve  octavo  pages,  and  is  dated  March  15,  1880. 

The  object  of  the  paper  is  to  uphold  the  drama  as  a  proper  means 
of  popular  instruction  in  spite  of  its  general  condemnation  by 
clergymen. 

After  stating  substantially  that,  in  western  Europe  as  well  as  in 
ancient  Greece,  the  stage  is  the  off-spring  of  the  ceremonies  of  public 
worship — that  the  mystery  play,  which  followed  the  liturgical  drama, 
was  the  first  form  of  the  serious  national  stage  in  England,  France, 


11 

Italy,  Spain  and  Germany,1  he  contends  that  in  as  much  as  the 
theatre  has  originated  independently  and  exists  under  many  types 
•of  civilization — Chinese,  Japanese,  Indian,  Greek,  Roman  and  mod- 
ern European — and  the  influence  of  the  Christian  Church  exerted 
against  it  through  so  many  centuries  has  failed  to  extirpate  it,  the 
institution  is  likely  to  continuously  thrive.  Therefore,  instead  of 
persistently  denouncing  the  stage,  it  would  be  more  politic  to 
kindly  endeavor  to  point  out  and  eliminate  from  it  all  acting  that 
is,  in  any  degree,  detrimental  to  morality. 

His  manner  of  treating  the  subject  may  be  seen  in  the  following 
quotations : 

"  The  first  charge  is, '  that  dramas  are  frequently  immoral  stories, 
abounding  in  covert  or  open  indecencies  of  language  or  action — 
.sometimes  actually  blasphemous.'  We  appeal  to  any  regular  theatre 
goer  whether  his  experience  does  not  partially  confirm  this.  Even 
those  who  frequent  dramatic  representations  with  the  intention  of 
•encouraging  only  meritorious  and  unobjectionable  plays,  occasionally 
through  ignorance  of  the  matter  of  some  new  drama,  or  misled  by 
uncandid  notices  of  the  press,  find  themselves  '  assisting '  at  repre- 
sentations, quite  bad  enough  to  destroy  their  faith  in  the  theatre. 
Our  own  experience,  however,  and  we  believe  that  it  will  be  borne 
out  by  the  experience  of  every  play -goer  who  has  not  depraved  in- 
.stincts,  is  that  plays  are  usually  entirely  innocent,  and  those  of  a 
serious  character  are  intended  to  and  do  inculcate  good  morals  and 
right  living,  that  they  teach  man's  whole  duty  with,  (no  words  are 
more  expressive),  dramatic  force  ;  that  is  to  say,  they  make  an  im- 
pression such  as  can  never  be  made  by  either  reading  or  lecture ; 
for,  to  the  power  of  trained  declamation  is  added  the  verisimilitude 
•of  scenery  and  action.  The  eye  as  well  as  the  ear  receives  and 
transmits  the  lesson  to  the  brain  and  heart.  No  sermon  can  be 
.so  effectual  for  good,  simply  preached  from  the  pulpit  as  when  it  is 
embodied  in  appropriate  action: — that  brings  it  home  to  us  in  all 
its  reality ;  it  is  no  longer  a  mere  abstraction. 
The  play's  the  thing 
Wherein  I'll  catch  the  conscience  of  the  king. 

"  Such  is  a  good  play,  better  than  the  best  sermon,  not  only  more 
powerful  but  more  far-reaching  in  its  beneficent  mission. 

"  Then  if  we  take  up  the  clerical  charge  once  more,  and  agree 
that  the  amount  of  evil  done  by  conveying  this  indecency  or  blas- 

i  See  Harper's  Magazine,  Dec.  1888,  p.  62. 


12 

phemy  through  the  vividness  of  dramatic  portrayal  is  incalcuable  * 
that  it  familiarizes  the  auditors  with  wrong  thinking,  speaking  and! 
doing,  and  thus  lowers  the  moral  tone  of  the  community.'  On  the 
other  hand,  a  good  play,  by  parity  of  reasoning,  should  have  an 
equally  incalculable  good  influence,  and  we  believe  that  it  has.  The 
vast  majority  of  men  [who]  are  not  attracted  towards  the  church, 
find  themselves  unable  to  comprehend  its  methods,  endure  its  limita- 
tions, or  perhaps ''appreciate  its  motives — and  for  these,  else  left 
without  moral  instruction,  the  play  yields  along  with  its  human 
interests  and  entertainment,  its  realistic  teaching  by  example  as 
well  as  precept. 

"Nay  more,  the  clergyman  who  objects  to  the  representation  of 
the  prayer  scene  in  *  Hamlet,'  does  not  hesitate  to  read  the  passage, 
or  to  hear  it  read,  perhaps  by  the  very  actor  who  is  accustomed  to 
play  the  part,  and  who  will  throw  into  it  all  the  emotion  and  all 
the  action  that  the  lecture  platform  permits  him.  He  will  even 
listen  to  this  recital  in  the  opera  house  probably,  and  without 
alarming  his  conscience  '  because  it  is  not  a  dramatic  performance, 
but  only  a  recital.' 

"  Thus,  to  be  consistent,  it  seems  that  we  must  at  least  tolerate 
upon  the  stage,  that  which  we  approve  in  the  library  or  lecture 
room.  But  this  point  is  not  yet  exhausted :  there  are  various  con- 
ceptions of  morality  perhaps,  and  that  of  the  churchman  is  not 
necessarily  the  highest.  No  one  will  deny  that  among  theatre-goers 
are  to  be  found  persons  who  are  as  cultivated  in  religion,  morals 
and  manners,  as  tender  of  conscience,  as  responsive  to  the  call  of 
duty  as  any  of  the  abstainers.  Is  it  not  rather  illiberal  then  to 
assume  that  these  persons  only  visit  the  theatre  because  they,  in  this 
particular,  disregard  the  voice  of  conscience?  Again,  the  lower 
classes  of  mankind,  who  frequent  the  sensational  second-class  play, 
who  read  the  equally  sensational  second-class  '  weekly ; '  are  they  to 
be  frowned  down  on  account  of  the  vulgarity  of  their  amusements? 
The  uncultured  cannot  become  educated  Christian  people  at  a  bound  : 
generations  of  refining  influences  are  required  to  effect  the  transfor- 
mation. For  these  men  and  women  in  process  of  enlightenment,, 
with  yet  unformed,  or  badly  formed  tastes,  the  theatre  is  a  civilizing 
agent  of  far  greater  power  than  it  is  for  their  betters. 

"  It  may  be  taken  for  granted  that  actors  as  well  as  audiences  are 
susceptible  to  the  moral  or  immoral  lessons  of  the  drama,  and  if,. 


13 

as  we  assert,  the  vast  majority  of  plays  exert  great,  though  un- 
obtrusive moral  influence,  then  so  far  as  their  profession  may  be 
supposed  to  affect  their  conduct  we  should  expect  to  find  actors 
respectable  and  worthy  the  acquaintance  of  the  pure  and  noble. 
But,  it  will  be  said,  there  is  abundant  evidence  that  at  least  many 
actors  are  dissolute  people,  that  they  live  low,  vagabond  lives,  are 
indecent  in  language  and  conduct,  drunkards,  gamesters,  irreligious. 
The  evidence,  alas !  is  abundant,  and  if  it  could  be  proven  that  the 
proportion  of  actors  who  are  disreputable  is  larger  than  in  other 
professions,  we  might  accept  the  fact  as  some  evidence  of  the  cause 
assigned  for  it;  but  it  is  notorious  that  in  all  public  professions 
lapses  from  rectitude  are  numerous. 

"A  word  in  conclusion  concerning  those  who,  whilst  despising 
the  stage  and  its  associations,  yet  avail  themselves  of  its  fruits.  They 
owe  their  best  music  to  its  inspiration ;  their  best  choir  singers  there 
received  their  education ;  their  minister  is  himself  indebted  to  it, 
either  directly  or  indirectly,  for  the  force  and  grace  of  style  and  dec- 
lamation which  render  him  so  impressive.  Without  the  stage  you 
would  not  be  possessed  of  Shakespeare — whose  single  influence  for 
good  has  certainly  far  outweighed  all  the  evil  which  the  theatre  has 
ever  done  mankind.  Those  who  while  discountenancing  the  theatre, 
read  Shakespeare  or  hear  him  read ;  who  listen  with  delight  to  the 
operatic  overture  or  aria ;  who  hang  entranced  upon  the  eloquence 
of  the  rostrum,  are  meanly,  (I  had  almost  written  dishonestly) 
enjoying  the  fruits  of  an  institution  which  they  condemn." 

Whether  Mr.  Tryon's  championship  of  the  stage  be  acceptable 
or  not,  few  persons  will  fail  to  perceive  in  it  his  philantrophic  dis- 
position and  love  of  justice,  as  well  as  the  degree  of  his  inclination  to 
render  homage  to  the  Muses. 

To  those  who  would  withhold  all  such  matters  from  a  biographical 
account  of  a  scientest  as  not  pertinent,  and  to  those  whose  hostility 
to  the  theatre  is  relentless,  the  above  citations  may.  seem  too  long ; 
but  they  may  be  excused.  They  prove  that  his  mental  scope  took  in 
very  much  more  than  the  truths  of  natural  science;  that  the  com- 
paratively inferior  and  ignorant  classes  of  society  had  his  sympathy, 
and  that  he  was  ready  to  help  improve  their  mental  and  moral  level. 
Thus,  they  indicate  a  feature  of  his  character  not  portrayed  else- 
where in  his  writings.  None  will  deny  that  a  feature  partly  or 


14 

wholly  left  out  obscures  or  spoils  the  likeness,  even  in  a  finished 
painting  of  a  friend. 

Mr.  Tryon  was  notably  cautious  and  conservative  in  scientific 
work.  The  personal  reputation  incident  to  success  he  did  not  appre- 
ciate very  highly,  nor  regard  to  be  among  the  objects  of  scientific 
research.  Just  as  a  private  in  the  ranks,  forgetful  of  all  the  labor 
and  perhaps  blood  he  has  contributed  towards  it,  delights  in  the 
glory  of  his  regiment,  wholly  unmindful  of  the  personal  distinction 
he  may  have  fairly  earned  for  himself,  so  Mr.  Tryon  toiled  to  pro- 
mote the  welfare  and  fame  of  the  academy,  within  the  bounds  of 
which  he  seemed  to  have  merged  his  scientific  aspirations.  Few 
have  been  like  him  in  this  respect ;  but  his  example  may  have  fol- 
lowers. Natural  modesty,  an  almost  reclusive  disposition  made  him 
reluctant  to  hold  office.  He  often  refused  to  permit  friends  to  nom- 
inate him  for  prominent  positions  in  the  society,  and  was  apparently 
indifferent  to  the  honor  of  membership  in  other  associations.  He 
did  not  care  to  publish  that  he  was  a  corresponding  member  of  the 
California  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  from  December  1862  ;  of 
the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  from  March  1864 ;  of  the 
Koyal  Society  of  Tasmania,  from  June  1886,  nor  of  any  other  in 
which  his  name  had  been  enrolled. 

Mr.  Tryon's  good  sense  and  unselfish  nature  ;  his  cheerful,  unpre- 
tentious deportment  at  all  times,  won  for  him  affectionate  respect 
and  enduring  friendships.  Because  he  was  punctual,  prompt  and 
efficient  in  doing,  within  the  limits  of  official  duty,  whatever  con- 
cerned the  interests  of  the  Academy,  he  deserved  and  had  the 
unreserved  confidence  of  all. 

The  quantity  and  quality  of  work  done  during  his  happy  career 
are  perennial  vouchers  of  his  unremitting  industry  and  varied  abil- 
ity. It  is  doubted  whether  a  collegiate  training  and  the  Master's 
degree  would  have  facilitated  his  progress  and  enabled  him  to  ac- 
quit himself  better  in  any  sense.  A  genius  for  discovering  his  own 
deficiencies,  and  then  filling  them  by  opportune  self-help,  was  a 
practical  substitute  for  an  Alma  Mater. 

Mr.  Tryon's  abiding  desire  to  increase  our  knowledge  of  conchol- 
ogy,  which  he  has  done  so  much  to  advance,  is  manifest  in  his  last 
will  and  testament,  dated  March  18th,  1886. 

He  bequeathed  to  the  Conchological  Section  of  the  Academy  cer- 
tain real  estate  to  be  a  source  of  a  permanent  trust  fund,  the  income 


15 

from  which  is  to  be  applied  to  augment  the  Conservator's  salary,  to  in- 
crease the  collection  of  shells,  as  well  as  to  other  purposes,  at  the 
discretion  of  the  Section.  All  profits  whiofi  may  be  derived  from 
his  conchological  works  and  from  his  conchological  publication  bus- 
iness are  to  be  added  to  the  fund. 

This  provision,  in  connection  with  the  present  vast  collections  and 
an  almost  perfect  library,  goes  far  towards  establishing  in  the  United 
States  the  centre  of  conchology  at  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia. 

Mr.  Tryon  was  methodical  in  all  bis  ways,  and  unswervingly  firm 
of  purpose.  He  always  did  what  he  believed  to  be  right  in  face  of 
all  opposition ;  but  he  tranquilly  considered  argument  against  his 
opinions,  and  gracefully  yielded  them  whenever  he  could  not  answer 
it.  He  passed  much  of  his  time  in  the  academy  at  work  among  its 
collections  and  books.  For  health's  sake  he  appropriated  time  for 
daily  exercise  in  the  open  air,  without  much  regard  to  the  state  of 
the  weather.  On  Saturday,  January  28, 1888,  while  the  temperature, 
ranged  between  12°  and  17°  F.  and  the  wind  was  blowing  freshly 
from  the  north-west,  he  walked  briskly  in  an  easterly  direction  more 
than  a  mile,  and  returning  faced  the  wind.  Paroxysms  of  difficult 
breathing  forced  him  to  stop  many  seconds,  and  several  times.  On 
reaching  home  he  was  much  depressed  physically ;  his  circulation 
was  abnormally  slow  and  weak,  but  he  soon  rallied  and  seemed  to 
be  surely  recovering.  In  the  course  of  two  or  three  days  a  kind  of 
roseola,  to  which  he  had  been  liable  at  times  since  an  attack  of  scar- 
let fever  in  childhood,  appeared,  and  towards  the  last  became  hern- 
orrhagie.  He  died  February  5,  the  eighth  day  after  his  cold  walk 
His  father,  a  brother  and  a  sister  survive  him.  His  mother  died 
December  23,  1869.  He  was  a  bachelor.  As  far  as  known  he  was 
at  no  time  inclined  to  change  his  celibate  condition. 

Accepting  a  definition  that  poetry  is  merely  the  blossom  and 
bloom  of  human  knowledge,  Mr.  Tryon  was  Laureate  of  the  king- 
dom of  the  mollusca.  He  well  knew  all  its  inhabitants — they  were 
thousands — and  characterized  every  typical  one  in  descriptive  lines 
— full  of  knowledge  but  without  poetic  cadence  or  poetic  measure  of 
any  kind.  But  his  whole  attention  was  not  given  to  those  mollusks. 
He  had  eyes  for  all  natural  objects.  He  was  fond  of  flowers,  had 
studied  botany  successfully,  and  learned  to  botanize.  In  the  summer 
it  was  his  custom  to  take  long  walks  in  the  country.  On  reaching 
home  from  those  walks  he  was  almost  sure  to  be  laden  with  flowers 


16 

.and  grasses,  gathered  by  the  way,  some  for  study  in  connection  with 
his  herbarium,  which  was  large,  and  others  to  bedeck  certain  rooms 
in  the  house.  And  now  and  then  a  mineralogist  was  surprised  to 
hear  him  talk  so  knowingly  about  minerals.  Indeed,  his  acquaint- 
ance with  natural  history,  generally,  was  sufficiently  intimate  to 
make  the  title  of  naturalist  appropriate  to  him.  His  knowledge  of 
nature  and  natural  things  was  a  pure  accomplishment,  in  no  sense 
associated  with  his  bread-wining  work  while  he  was  the  successful 
man  of  business. 

This  imperfect  sketch  of  an. eminent  benefactor  of  the  academy 
is  fittingly  closed  with  the  following  tributary  stanzas,  written  by 
his  friend,  our  fellow  member,  Mr.  John  Ford,  Feb.  15, 1888. 


IN  MEMORIAM. 

As  falls  the  oak,  mature  and  strong  in  limb, 
A  giant  'mong  its  fellows  tall  and  grand, — 

So  fell  the  peer  of  those  whom  Science  crowns, 
Th'  immortal  Tryon,  type  of  noblest  men. 

Not  human  hearts  alone  do  feel  the  blow 
That  struck  him  down  in  life's  meridian, — 

The  leafy  woods,  the  vales,  and  quiet  streams 

Where  Nature's  gems  he  sought,  alike  are  grieved. 

E'en  Neptune  mourns  the  loss  of  one  who  knew 
His  sea-born  children  all  by  sight  and  name ; 

And  from  their  games  the  Tritons  sadly  turn 
To  breathe  a  requiem  through  horns  of  pearl. 

His  form  is  gone,  but  deathless  evermore 
On  pages  manifold  his  thoughts  remain ; 

And  there,  like  ripened  fruits,  they  wait  the  hands 
Of  all  who  would  their  charming  flavor  prove. 

Though  well  we  know  the  victor's  fadeless  crown 
His  brow  adorns,  and  that  he  dwells  in  peace, 

Yet  do  our  hearts,  remembering  the  past, 
Still  long  to  meet  him  face  to  face  again. 


17 


LIST  OF  PAPERS  AND  BOOKS  WRITTEN 
BY  GEORGE  W.  TRYON  JR. 

On  the  mollusca  of  Harper's  Ferry,  Va.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  1861,  pp.  396-399. 

Synopsis  of  the  recent  species  of  Gastrochsenidse,  a  family  of 
acephalous  mollusca.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1861,  pp.  465- 
494. 

On  the  classification  and  synonymy  of  the  recent  species  of  Phola- 
didffi.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat,  Sc.  Philad.  1862,  pp.  191-220. 

Description  of  a  new  genus,  (Diplothyra)  and  species  of  Phola- 
didse,  (Dactylina  Chiloensis.)  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1862, 
pp.  449-450. 

Notes  on  American  Fresh  Water  Shells,  with  descriptions  of  two 
new  species  (Vivipara  Texana,  Amnicola  depressa.).  Proc.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1862,  pp.  451-453. 

Monograph  of  the  family  Teredidse.    Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 

1862,  pp.  453-482. 

Contributions  towards  a  monography  of  the  order  of  Pholadacea, 
with  descriptions  of  new  species.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 

1863,  pp.  143-146. 

Descriptions  of  two  new  species  of  Fresh  Water  mollusca,  from 
Panama,  (Planorbis  Fieldii,  Amnicola  Panamensis,).  Proc.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1863,  p.  146. 

Description  of  a  new  Exotic  Melania,  (M.  Helense.).  Proc.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1863,  pp.  146-147. 

Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Fresh  Water  Mollusca,  belonging 
to  the  families  Amnicolidse,  Valvatidse,  and  Limnseidse,  inhabiting 
California.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1863,  pp.  147-150. 

Description  of  a  new  species  Pleurocera  (P.  plicatum.).  Proc. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1863,  pp.  279-280. 

Description  of  a  new  species  of  Teredo,  (T.  Thomsonii)  from  New 
Bedford,  Mass.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1863,  pp.  280-281. 

Descriptions  of  two  new  species  of  Mexican  Land-Shells,  (Helix 
Remondi,  Cyclotus  Cooperi.).  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1863, 
p.  281. 

Synonymy  of  the  species  of  Strepomatidse,  a  family  of  Fluviatile 
Mollusca,  inhabiting  North  America.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phi] ad. 
1863,  pp.  306-322. 


18 

Synonomy  of  the  species  of  Strepomatidse,  a  family  of  Fluviatile 
Mollusca  inhabiting  North  America.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  1864,  pp.  24-48,  92-104;  1865,  pp.  19-36. 

Description  of  two  new  species  of  Strepomatidse;  Goniobasis 
Haldemani,  Pleurocera  Conradi.  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  I,  1865, 
p.  38. 

Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Pholadidse.  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol. 
I,  1865,  pp.  39-40. 

Observations  of  the  new  genus  lo.  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  I, 
1865,  pp.  41-44. 

Catalogue  of  moilusca,  collected  by  Prof.  D.  S.  Sheldon,  at  -Dav- 
enport, Iowa.  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  I,  1865,  pp.  68-70. 

Observations  on  the  family  Strepomatidse.  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol. 
I,  1865,  pp.  97-135. 

Catalogue  of  the  species  of  Physa,  inhabiting  the  United  States, 
Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  I,  1865,  pp.  165-173. 

Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Melania.  Amer.  Journ.  ConchoL 
I,  1865,  pp.  216-218. 

Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Amnicola,  Pomatiopsis,  Somato- 
gyrus,  Gabbia,  Hydrobia,  and  Rissoa.  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  i, 
1865,  pp.  219-222. 

Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  North  American  Limnseidse. 
Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  i,  1865,  p.  223-231. 

Review  of  the  Goniobases  of  Oregon  and  California.  Amer. 
Journ.  Conchol.  i,  1865,  pp.  236-246. 

Catalogue  of  the  species  of  LimnsBa  inhabiting  the  United 
States.  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  i,  1865,  pp.  207-258. 

Description  of  a  new  species  of  Mercenaria;  (M.  fulgurans,) 
Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  i,  1865,  p.  297. 

Monograph  of  the  family  Strepomatidse.  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol. 
i,  1865,  pp.  299-341 ;  ii,  1866,  pp.  14-52,  115-133. 

An  abnormal  specimen  of  Planorbis  bicarinatus.  Amer.  Journ. 
Conchol.  ii,  1866,  p.  3. 

Descriptions  of  new  fresh-water  shells  of  the  United  States. 
Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  ii,  1866,  pp.  4-7. 

Descriptions  of  new  exotic  fresh-water  Mollusca.  Amer.  Journ. 
Conchol.  ii,  1866,  pp.  8-11. 

Description  of  a  new  species  of  Rissoa;  R.  exilis.  Amer.  Journ. 
Conchol.  ii,  1866,  p.  12. 


19 

Note  on  Mr.  Pease's  species  of  Polynesian  Phaneropneumona. 
Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  ii,  1866,  p.  82. 

Description  of  a  new  species  of  Vivipara ;  V.  Waltonii.  Amer. 
Journ.  Conchol.  ii,  1866,  pp.  108-110. 

Descriptions  of  new  Fluviatile  Mollusca.  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol. 
ii,  1866,  pp.  111-113. 

Observations  on  an  abnormal  specimen  of  Physa  gyrina.  Amer. 
Journ.  Conchol.  ii,  1866,  p.  114. 

Note  on  the  lingual  dentition  of  the  Strepomatidse.  Amer.  Journ. 
Conchol.  ii,  1866,  pp.  134-135. 

Monograph  of  the  terrestrial  mollusca  of  the  United  States. 
Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  II,  1866,  pp.  218-277,  306-327 :  iv,  1869, 
pp.  5-22. 

Description  of  a  new  species  Columna  ;  C.  Leai.  Amer.  Journ. 
Conchol.  ii,  1866,  pp.  297-298. 

Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Melaniidse  and  Melanopsidse. 
Amer.  Jour.  Conchol.  ii,  1866,  pp.  299-301. 

Description  of  a  new  species  of  Septifer ;  S.  Trautwineana. 
Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  ii,  1866,  p.  301. 

Description  of  a  new  species  of  Helix;  H.  Bridgesi.  Amer. 
Journ.  Conchol.  ii,  1866,  p.  303. 

On  the  terrestrial  Mollusca  of  the  Guano  Island  of  Navassa. 
Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  ii,  1866,  pp.  304-305. 

Notes  on  Mollusca  collected  by  Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden  in  Nebraska. 
Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  iv,  1869,  pp.  150-151. 

Catalogue  of  the  families  Saxicavidse,  Myidse,  and  Corbulidse. 
Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  iv,  1869,  (Append.),  pp.  59-68. 

Catalogue  of  the  family  Tellinidse.  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  iv, 
1869,  (Append.),  pp.  72-126. 

Descriptions  of  new  species  of  terrestrial  Mollusca  from  Anda- 
man Islands,  Indian  Archipelago.  Amer.  Jour.  Conchol.  v,  1870, 
pp.  100-111. 

Descriptions  of  new  species  of  marine  bivalve  mollusca  in  the 
collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 
Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  v,  1870,  p.  170-172 ;  vi,  1871,  pp.  23-24. 

Note  on  Cyclophorus  foliaceus,  Reeve  (non  Chemnitz)  and  C.  Leai, 
Tryon.  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  vi,  1871,  pp.  25-26. 

Notes  on  Dr.  James  Lewis'  paper  "On  the  shells  of  the 
Holston  River."  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  vii,  1872,  pp.  86-88. 

Catalogue  of  the  family  Cyprinidse.  Amer.  Journ.  Conchol. 
vii,  1872,  p.  252. 


20 

Catalogue  of  the  recent  species  of  the  family  of  Glauconomyidse. 
Amer.  Journ.  Conchol.  vii,  1872,  pp.  253-254. 

Catalogue  of  the  recent  species  of  the  family  Petricolidse.  Amer. 
Journ.  Conchol.  vii,  1872,  pp.  255-258. 

Catalogue  of  the  recent  species  of  the  family  Cardiidse.  Amer. 
Journ.  Conchol.  vii,  1872,  pp.  259-275. 

Catalogue  and  synonymy  of  the  recent  species  of  the  family 
Lucinid^.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1872,  pp.  82-96. 

Catalogue  of  the  family  Chamidse.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad. 
1872,  pp.  116-120. 

Catalogue  of  the  family  Chametrachseidse.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat. 
Sc.  Philad.,  1872,  pp.  120-121. 

Descriptions  of  three  new  species  of  marine  bivalve  mollusca; 
Crassatella  Adeline,  Lucina  distinguenda,  Circe  bidivaricata.  Proc. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1872,  p.  130. 

Catalogue  and  synonymy  of  the  family  Galeommidse.  Proc. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad:  1872,  pp.  222-226. 

Catalogue  and  synonymy  of  the  family  Leptonidse.  Proc.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.,  1872,  pp.  227-229. 

Catalogue  and  synonymy  of  the  family  Laseidse.  Proc.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1872,  pp.  229-234. 

Catalogue  and  synonymy  of  the  family  Astartidse.  Proc.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  1872,  pp.  245-258. 

Catalogue  of  the  family  Solemyida?.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad. 
1872,  p.  258. 

On  a  series  of  land  and  fluviatile  Mollusca  from  Utah.  Proc. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  thilad.  1873,  pp.  285-286. 

The  complete  writings  of  Constantine  Smaltz  Rafmesque  on  Re- 
cent and  Fossil  Conchology.  Edited  by  William  G.  Binney,  and 
George  W.  Tryon  Jr.,  members  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia.  8vo,  pp.  96+40+8  =  144 ;  plates  3  ;  figures  69. 
Bailliere  Brothers,  New  York ;  J.  B.  Bailliere  et  Fils,  Paris  ;  H. 
Bailliere,  London ;  C.  Bailly  Bailliere,  Madrid.  1864. 

A  Monograph  of  the  Terrestrial  Mollusca  inhabiting  the  United 
States.  With  illustrations  of  all  the  species.  By  George  W.  Tryon 
Jr.,  editor  of  the  American  Journal  of  Conchology ;  member  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia;  corresponding 
member  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History ;  the  Lyceum  of 
New  York ;  the  California  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences ;  the 
Zoologischen  botanischen  Gesellschaft  in  Wien,  etc.  Published  by 


21 

the  author,  625  Market  street,  Philadelphia,  1866.  8vo,  pp.  159+ 
XLIV;  plates  18,  with  colored  duplicates;  figures,  430.  Bailliere 
Brothers,  New  York ;  J.  B.  Bailliere,  et  Fils,  Paris ;  Tru'bner  & 
Co.,  London ;  C.  Bailly-Bailliere,  Madrid ;  Asher  &  Co.,  Berlin. 

A  Monograph  of  the  Fresh  water  univalve  mollusca  of  the 
United  States,  in  continuation  of  Prof.  S.  S.  Haldeman's  work,  pub- 
lished under  the  above  title.  By  George  W.  Tryon  Jr.  Published 
by  the  Conchological  Section  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia,  1870.  8vo,  pp.  238,  plates  32. 

American  Marine  Conchology :  or  descriptions  of  the  shells  on 
the  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States,  from  Maine  to  Florida. 
By  George  W.  Tryon  Jr..  member  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  Published  by  the  author,  No.  19  N. 
Sixth  street,  Philadelphia,  1873.  8vo,  pp.  208  ;  plates  44 ;  figures 
550. 

Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Collections,  (253).  Land  and  Fresh- 
Water  Shells  of  North  America.  Part  IV.  Strepomatida?  (Ameri- 
can Melanians).  By  George  W.  Tryon  Jr..  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion, Washington,  December,  1873.  8vo,  pp.  LV-f  435 ;  838 
figures,  intercalated  with  the  text. 

Manual  of  Conchology  ;  Structural  and  Systematic ;  with  illustra- 
tions of  the  species.  By  George  W.  Tryon  Jr.,  Conservator  of  the 
Conchological  Section  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Phila- 
delphia. Published  by  the  author.  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
Corner  Race  and  Nineteenth  streets. 

Vol.  I,  1879.  Cephalopoda.  8vo,  pp.  316;  plates  112;  figures 
671. 

Vol.  II,  1880.  Muricida3  including  Purpurinse,  8vo,  pp.  289  ; 
plates  70;  figures  977. 

Vol.111,  1881.  Tritonidaj,  Fusida3,  Buccinidse.  8vo,  pp.  310  5 
plates  87  ;  figures  1287. 

Vol.  IV,  1882.  Nassidse,  Turbinellidse,  Volutidse,  Mitridse.  8vo, 
pp.  276 ;  plates  58  ;  figures  1345. 

Vol.  V,  1883.  Marginellidse,  Olivida3,  Columbellida3.  8vo,  pp. 
276;  plates  63;  figures  1351. 

Vol.  VI,  1884.  Conida?,  Pleurotomida?.  8vo,  pp.  400;  plates 
65 ;  figures  1550. 

Vol.  VII,  1885.  Terebridse,  Cancellariida3,  Strombidse,  CypraBida?, 
Ovulidse,  Cassidida?,  Doliidse.  8vo,  pp.  309;  plates  75;  figures 
1301. 


22 

Vol.  VIII,  1886.  Naticidse,  Calyptrseidse,  Onustidse,  Turritel- 
lidae,  Verrnetidse,  Csecidse,  Eulimidse,  Pyramidellidae,  Turbonillidse. 
8vo,  pp.  461 ;  plates  79  ;  figures  1582. 

Vol.  IX,  1887.  Solariidse,  lanthinidse,  Trichotropidse,  Scalariidse, 
Cerithiidse,  Rissoidse,  Littorinidse.  8vo,  pp.  488  ;  plates  71 ;  figures 
1991.  (The  first  series,  will  be  completed  in  eleven  or  twelve 
volumes). 

Second  series  TERRESTRIAL  MOLLTJSCA. 

Vol.  I,  1885.  Testacellidse,  Oleacinidse,  Streptaxidse,  Helicoidea, 
Vitrinidse,  Limacidse,  Arionidse,  etc.  8vo,  pp.  364 ;  plates  60  ;  fig- 
ures 1698. 

Vol.  II,  1886.     Zonitidse.    8vo,  pp.  265  ;  plates  64 ;  figures  2072. 

Vol.  Ill,  1887.  Helieidse  (begun  ;  to  be  completed  in  three  or 
four  volumes).  8vo,  pp.  313  ;  plate  63  ;  figures  2664. 

Third  series — Marine  Bivalves — 4  or  5  volumes. 

Fourth  series — Fluviatile  genera — 4  or  5  volumes. 

NOTE — The  second,  third  and  fourth  series  will  be  continued 
and  completed  by  H.  A.  Pilsbry,  Conservator  of  the  Conchological 
Section  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

Church  and  Stage,  Philadelphia,  March  15,  1880,  (printed  for 
private  use).  8vo,  pp.  12. 

Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology :  An  introduction  to  the 
study  of  the  Mollusca.  By  George  W.  Tryon  Jr.  Conservator  of 
the  Conchological  Section  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia.  Published  by  the  author,  and  issued  from  the 
Academy. 

Vol.  I,  1882.         8vo,  pp.  312  ;  plates  22  ;  figures  256. 

Vol.  II,  1883.       8vo,  pp.  430 ;  plates  69 ;  figures  1339. 

Vol.  Ill,  1884.     8vo,  pp.  453 ;  plates  49 ;  figures  1492. 


